Types of Developmental and Psychological Issues in Children

Hope you are at best of health and faith.


Children may face a wide range of developmental and psychological challenges, and each child’s experience is unique. Today, we’ll outline the most common types of issues, setting the stage for deeper discussions in upcoming posts.


These challenges are generally categorized into the following areas:


1. Developmental Disorders

These affect how a child grows in terms of communication, learning, and motor skills. Examples include:


Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)


Global Developmental Delay (GDD)


Speech and Language Delays


Intellectual Disabilities




2. Behavioral Disorders

These involve persistent patterns of disruptive or aggressive behavior, such as:


Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)


Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)


Conduct Disorder




3. Emotional and Social Difficulties

These affect how children manage feelings and interact with others. They may include:


Anxiety disorders


Depression


Selective mutism




4. Learning Disorders

These are specific difficulties with reading, writing, or math, such as:


Dyslexia


Dyscalculia


Dysgraphia




5. Sensory Processing Issues

Some children overreact or underreact to sensory input (touch, sound, light), which can affect daily functioning and behavior.




Understanding the type of issue is the first step toward understanding the needs of the child. Mislabeling or ignoring symptoms often delays necessary interventions. For instance, a girl named Zoya in Lahore was struggling with reading and often distracted in class. Teachers thought she was lazy, but a proper assessment revealed she had undiagnosed dyslexia.


In future posts, we will explore these categories in detail—starting with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the next post.



---


بچوں میں ترقیاتی اور نفسیاتی مسائل کی اقسام


بچوں کو مختلف قسم کے ترقیاتی اور نفسیاتی مسائل کا سامنا ہو سکتا ہے، اور ہر بچے کا تجربہ منفرد ہوتا ہے۔ آج کی پوسٹ میں ہم ان مسائل کی اقسام کا خلاصہ پیش کریں گے، تاکہ آنے والی پوسٹس میں ہر مسئلے کو تفصیل سے سمجھا جا سکے۔


یہ مسائل عام طور پر درج ذیل اقسام میں تقسیم کیے جاتے ہیں:


1. ترقیاتی مسائل

یہ بچے کی بول چال، سیکھنے، اور حرکات میں تاخیر سے متعلق ہوتے ہیں، جیسے:


آٹزم اسپیکٹرم ڈس آرڈر


عالمی ترقیاتی تاخیر (GDD)


بولنے میں تاخیر


ذہنی کمزوری




2. رویے کے مسائل

ان میں ضد، جارحانہ رویہ، یا توجہ کی کمی شامل ہوتی ہے:


اے ڈی ایچ ڈی


او ڈی ڈی (ضدی رویہ)


کنڈکٹ ڈس آرڈر




3. جذباتی اور سماجی مشکلات

یہ بچوں کے جذبات کو سنبھالنے اور دوسروں سے تعلقات قائم کرنے کی صلاحیت پر اثر ڈالتی ہیں:


ذہنی دباؤ اور پریشانی


ڈپریشن


سیلیکٹیو میوٹزم (خاموشی کا مرض)




4. سیکھنے کی مشکلات

ان میں پڑھائی، لکھائی، یا حساب میں مخصوص دشواریاں شامل ہوتی ہیں:


ڈسلیکشیا


ڈسکلکیولیا


ڈسگرافیا




5. سنسری پروسیسنگ کے مسائل

بعض بچے آواز، روشنی یا چھونے کے بارے میں زیادہ یا کم ردعمل دیتے ہیں، جو ان کے روزمرہ کے رویے پر اثر انداز ہوتا ہے۔




مسئلے کی قسم کو سمجھنا، بچے کی ضرورت کو سمجھنے کی پہلی کڑی ہے۔ اکثر والدین یا اساتذہ علامات کو نظرانداز کرتے ہیں یا غلط تشریح کرتے ہیں، جس سے علاج میں تاخیر ہو جاتی ہے۔ مثال کے طور پر، لاہور کی زویا نامی بچی پڑھنے میں مشکل کا شکار تھی۔ استادوں نے اسے سست سمجھا، لیکن جانچ سے معلوم ہوا کہ وہ ڈسلیکشیا کی مریضہ تھی۔


اگلی پوسٹ میں ہم ان اقسام میں سے آٹزم اسپیکٹرم ڈس آرڈر کو تفصیل سے دیکھیں گے۔


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Understanding Childhood Developmental and Psychological Issues

Hope you are at best of health and faith. Every child grows and learns at their own pace, but sometimes, delays or difficulties in development signal deeper concerns. These can include issues like autism, ADHD, speech delays, and various behavioral challenges. Recognizing these early and addressing them with the right support is key to a child’s future success and well-being. Over the coming weeks, we will explore these topics one by one—what they are, how they appear, why they occur, and how families and schools can best support the affected children. These are not just medical terms; they represent real struggles for real children. For example, a 3-year-old named Hamza in Karachi wasn’t speaking at all. His parents thought he was just a “late talker,” but later found out he had a speech delay related to a broader developmental disorder. Such conditions can be emotionally and socially challenging—for the child and their family. Often, society labels these children as “naughty,” “slow,...
Read more

What Is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

Hope you are at best of health and faith. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental condition that affects how a child communicates, behaves, and interacts with others. It’s called a “spectrum” because its symptoms and severity can vary greatly from one child to another. Some children may not speak at all, while others might speak fluently but struggle with social interaction or understanding emotions. ASD is not caused by bad parenting, nor is it a disease that can be “cured.” However, with timely therapy and support, children with autism can lead fulfilling lives. Common Signs of Autism in Children Lack of eye contact or social smile Delayed speech or no speech Repetitive behaviors (hand-flapping, spinning, lining up toys) Preference for routine, distress at small changes Difficulty understanding social cues or playing with peers Let’s consider a real example: Ahmed, a 4-year-old from Islamabad, used to spend hours spinning the wheels of his toy car. He wouldn’t respond when ...
Read more